现象学精神下的自闭症儿童绘画研究——自闭症涂鸦画评定模式的建构

当前自闭症绘画评定研究的有限性和匮乏性引发了我们对于自闭症绘画评定可行性的思考。本文以现象学开放的精神和思维态度为指导理念,以文献法及实验法为分析途径,探讨自闭症儿童涂鸦画评定模式的建构,并提出立足于现象学的理论立场和指导精神,从评估对象、评估模式、评估原则等几个方面把握自闭症儿童涂鸦画的评定。     

黑格尔哲学视阈中的"反思"及其效应--兼论胡塞尔的"现象学反思"

黑格尔哲学因自身体系建构和发展的内在需要,其"反思"概念的意义敞开也相应经历了多层次的环节运演,就其内蕴的特殊涵义而言,一般可分为"内向的反思"和"反思的反思"两种."反思"作为中介是黑格尔哲学体系中精神自我发展内在力量的必要条件.综观胡塞尔"现象学哲学","反思"作为其理论自身的重要方法论,同黑格尔的"反思"概念存在着特殊的反思关系.胡塞尔对黑格尔"反思"概念的批判与超越在某种程度上提供了克服近代主客思维模式的一种可能.     

“前理论的东西”与“形式指引”——海德格尔早期弗莱堡时期对哲学的重新界定

出于对当时哲学现状的不满,海德格尔重新界定了哲学。他根据"问题体验"区分了"理论的东西"与"前理论的东西",认为哲学真正的研究对象是"前理论的东西";而要考察"前理论的东西"就要摒弃"普遍化"方法而采用"形式指引"方法。在此基础上,海德格尔提出了"实际性的解释学现象学",这是对狄尔泰的生命哲学和胡塞尔现象学的超越,但"形式指引"作为一种方法也不可避免地带有理论化特征,因而最终为海德格尔所放弃。     

“羞怯”与“羞耻”之辨析

近二十年来,两种与“羞”有关的心理现象引起国内心理学工作者的积极关注,这便是羞怯与羞耻.羞怯与羞耻虽然有一定的关联性,但从本质上考量却是两个相互独立的概念,存在着诸多的差异,这些差异主要表现在词义、概念的界定、现象学表征、产生的机制、社会功能等几个方面.     

自然化的现象学

作为一种先验哲学,现象学正在经历一场自然化的转变。现象学的一些观点对于认知科学、心理学等学科有着很好的借鉴意义;而现象学也必须从经验科学那里获取必要的知识补充。因此,固守先验哲学和经验科学之间的严格界限已经不合时宜了。但是,现象学自然化的同时仍要保留其独特的学科方法和特征。

Abstract：

As a kind of transcendental philosophy,phenomenology is being naturalized.On the one hand,phenomenology can provide some useful insights for cognitive science,psychology etc.;on the other hand,phenomenology needs to learn necessary knowledge from empirical sciences to supplement itself.Therefore,to insist on the rigorous demarcation between transcendental philosophy and empirical sciences is mistimed.When naturalized through communication with empirical sciences,however,phenomenology should also keep its special disciplinary methodology and characteristics.     

存在主义文学的东方化表述——论村上春树和王小波的小说

以王小波和村上春树的创作相似性为出发点进而发掘其存在主义的意义蕴涵和艺术特质,是对东方式存在主义文学更为严谨而合理的探索途径.事实上,村上春树和王小波作品中的存在主义倾向有其共同的历史文化及思想资源:同处于东亚文化圈和都遭逢现代性民族生存危机;他们的创作表明了东方式存在主义文学的成熟并表现在:首先,他们的小说作品展现了一个"荒谬"世界,这种"荒谬"已不再仅仅是人的一种生存感受,它充盈着的是时人的严酷压制,它所带来的是人的激剧异化.其次,他们的作品体现了对"孤独个体"的强烈关注,作为人物形象主体出现的"孤独个体"既接受了"孤独"的客观存在又从内心拒斥"孤独"加诸于人心的苦闷和郁结.其三,他们的创作呈示出特定的诗性诉求方式,即凭借想象力和幽默品质来表达对存在主义"诗"之"思"的艺术言说.     

存在的悬置——评保罗·奥斯特《在地图结束的地方》

普利策文学奖得主、美国当代著名先锋派作家保罗·奥斯特的小说《在地图结束的地方》以后现代主义为语境展现了当代人的存在危机,现象学批评之父胡塞尔的“悬置”理论则为解读这部小说提供了贴切的视角。在小说中,地理疆域、宗教道义、时间空间等客观存在被纷纷悬置,存在的异质性同时得以还原,从而凸显出了作者的本体意识和文本语义的无限多样性。     

现象学的主体间性与德国文学思想

主体间性是胡塞尔的现象学的一个创新的概念,它是为了克服现象学的本质还原方法可能造成的主观主义弊端,以保证人的认识的客观普遍有效性,具有唯心主义实质.以主体间性来审视文学艺术的创作和欣赏,却可以打破主客对立的思维方法,充分揭示文学艺术创作和欣赏活动的对话性质和交流特征,使得文学艺术作品的意义具有开放性和不确定性,打破了相反传统文学思想的封闭性和固定性.但是,主体间性也使得文学艺术思想走向了后现代主义的虚无主义.     

Spiritual Well-Being and Suicidal Ideation Among College Students

Objective: This study explored whether specific dimensions of spiritual well-being (religious well-being and existential well-being) relate to reduced suicidal ideation, and whether associations persisted after controlling for religiosity and psychosocial variables associated with suicide. Participants: Participants were 457 college students who completed measures that assessed spiritual well-being, religiosity, hopelessness, depression, social support, and suicidal ideation. Methods: The authors used linear regression modeling to assess religious and spiritual correlates of suicidal ideation. Results: After controlling for demographic variables and psychosocial factors, neither involvement in organized religion nor religious well-being significantly contributed to suicidal ideation. However, even after controlling for significant correlates, existential well-being remained a significant predictor of suicidal ideation. Conclusions: This investigation highlighted existential well-being as an important factor associated with lower levels of suicidal ideation among college students. Findings from this study focusing on the association between spiritual well-being and suicidality may prove especially beneficial to suicide prevention efforts.     

Like Everest: defamiliarization and uncanniness in media representations of inaccessibility

This paper uses phenomenology to explore recent representations of inaccessible architectural environment featured on major Bulgarian television channels. It is argued that by exposing the environmental restrictions faced by disabled people in their everyday activities, Bulgarian media unwittingly engage in an operation described by formalist literary critics as ‘defamiliarization’. As a result, familiar elements of the everyday, lived world are illuminated as strange. In phenomenological terms, this brings about the experience of ‘uncanniness’. The paper concludes by highlighting the transformative potential inherent in this experience; that is, its power to illuminate as artificial and oppressive the taken-for-granted aspects of the world we inhabit.